diff --git a/src/config/limits.ts b/src/config/limits.ts
index 589d4ce..f917170 100644
--- a/src/config/limits.ts
+++ b/src/config/limits.ts
@@ -5,10 +5,10 @@
     accessTokenTtlSeconds: 7200,
     // Refresh token lifetime in milliseconds.
     // 刷新令牌有效期（毫秒）。
-    refreshTokenTtlMs: 30 * 24 * 60 * 60 * 1000,
+    refreshTokenTtlMs: 365 * 24 * 60 * 60 * 1000,
     // Grace window for previous refresh token after rotation (ms).
     // 刷新令牌轮换后的旧令牌宽限窗口（毫秒）。
-    refreshTokenOverlapGraceMs: 60 * 1000,
+    refreshTokenOverlapGraceMs: 30 * 60 * 1000,
     // Refresh token random byte length.
     // 刷新令牌随机字节长度。
     refreshTokenRandomBytes: 32,
diff --git a/src/handlers/accounts.ts b/src/handlers/accounts.ts
index 5d9f8d9..d0822af 100644
--- a/src/handlers/accounts.ts
+++ b/src/handlers/accounts.ts
@@ -526,6 +526,7 @@ export async function handleChangePassword(request: Request, env: Env, userId: s
   user.updatedAt = new Date().toISOString();
   await storage.saveUser(user);
   await storage.deleteRefreshTokensByUserId(user.id);
+  AuthService.invalidateUserCache(user.id);
   await storage.createAuditLog({
     id: generateUUID(),
     actorUserId: user.id,
@@ -587,6 +588,7 @@ export async function handleSetTotpStatus(request: Request, env: Env, userId: st
     user.updatedAt = new Date().toISOString();
     await storage.saveUser(user);
     await storage.deleteRefreshTokensByUserId(user.id);
+    AuthService.invalidateUserCache(user.id);
     return jsonResponse({ enabled: true, recoveryCode: user.totpRecoveryCode, object: 'twoFactor' });
   }
 
@@ -601,6 +603,7 @@ export async function handleSetTotpStatus(request: Request, env: Env, userId: st
     user.updatedAt = new Date().toISOString();
     await storage.saveUser(user);
     await storage.deleteRefreshTokensByUserId(user.id);
+    AuthService.invalidateUserCache(user.id);
     return jsonResponse({ enabled: false, object: 'twoFactor' });
   }
 
@@ -708,6 +711,7 @@ export async function handleRecoverTwoFactor(request: Request, env: Env): Promis
   user.updatedAt = new Date().toISOString();
   await storage.saveUser(user);
   await storage.deleteRefreshTokensByUserId(user.id);
+  AuthService.invalidateUserCache(user.id);
   await rateLimit.clearLoginAttempts(recoverLimitKey);
 
   return jsonResponse({
@@ -801,6 +805,7 @@ async function apiKey(request: Request, env: Env, userId: string, rotate: boolea
     }
     user.updatedAt = new Date().toISOString();
     await storage.saveUser(user);
+    AuthService.invalidateUserCache(user.id);
   }
 
   return jsonResponse({
diff --git a/src/handlers/admin.ts b/src/handlers/admin.ts
index a2b1ab1..bee0951 100644
--- a/src/handlers/admin.ts
+++ b/src/handlers/admin.ts
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 import { Env, User, Invite } from '../types';
+import { AuthService } from '../services/auth';
 import { StorageService } from '../services/storage';
 import { jsonResponse, errorResponse } from '../utils/response';
 import { generateUUID } from '../utils/uuid';
@@ -222,6 +223,7 @@ export async function handleAdminSetUserStatus(
   if (nextStatus === 'banned') {
     await storage.deleteRefreshTokensByUserId(target.id);
   }
+  AuthService.invalidateUserCache(target.id);
   await writeAuditLog(storage, actorUser.id, 'admin.user.status', 'user', target.id, {
     status: nextStatus,
   });
@@ -280,6 +282,7 @@ export async function handleAdminDeleteUser(
 
   await storage.deleteRefreshTokensByUserId(target.id);
   await storage.deleteUserById(target.id);
+  AuthService.invalidateUserCache(target.id);
   await writeAuditLog(storage, actorUser.id, 'admin.user.delete', 'user', target.id, {
     email: target.email,
   });
diff --git a/src/handlers/devices.ts b/src/handlers/devices.ts
index e62f950..1499b39 100644
--- a/src/handlers/devices.ts
+++ b/src/handlers/devices.ts
@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 import type { Device, DevicePendingAuthRequest, DeviceResponse, ProtectedDeviceResponse as ProtectedDeviceWireResponse } from '../types';
 import { Env } from '../types';
 import { getOnlineUserDevices, notifyUserLogout } from '../durable/notifications-hub';
+import { AuthService } from '../services/auth';
 import { StorageService } from '../services/storage';
 import { errorResponse, jsonResponse } from '../utils/response';
 import { readKnownDeviceProbe } from '../utils/device';
@@ -309,6 +310,7 @@ export async function handleDeleteDevice(
   await storage.deleteRefreshTokensByDevice(userId, normalized);
   const deleted = await storage.deleteDevice(userId, normalized);
   if (deleted) {
+    AuthService.invalidateDeviceCache(userId, normalized);
     notifyUserLogout(env, userId, normalized);
   }
   return jsonResponse({ success: deleted });
@@ -352,6 +354,7 @@ export async function handleDeleteAllDevices(request: Request, env: Env, userId:
   user.securityStamp = generateUUID();
   user.updatedAt = new Date().toISOString();
   await storage.saveUser(user);
+  AuthService.invalidateUserCache(userId);
   notifyUserLogout(env, userId, null);
   return jsonResponse({ success: true, removedTrusted, removedSessions: removedSessions ?? 0, removedDevices });
 }
@@ -483,6 +486,7 @@ export async function handleDeactivateDevice(
   await storage.deleteRefreshTokensByDevice(userId, normalized);
   const deleted = await storage.deleteDevice(userId, normalized);
   if (deleted) {
+    AuthService.invalidateDeviceCache(userId, normalized);
     notifyUserLogout(env, userId, normalized);
   }
   return jsonResponse({ success: deleted });
diff --git a/src/handlers/identity.ts b/src/handlers/identity.ts
index e8e1bf1..e4cdb4b 100644
--- a/src/handlers/identity.ts
+++ b/src/handlers/identity.ts
@@ -32,6 +32,17 @@ function resolveTotpSecret(userSecret: string | null): string | null {
   return null;
 }
 
+async function resolveDeviceSession(
+  storage: StorageService,
+  userId: string,
+  deviceInfo: ReturnType<typeof readAuthRequestDeviceInfo>
+): Promise<{ identifier: string; sessionStamp: string } | null> {
+  if (!deviceInfo.deviceIdentifier) return null;
+  const existingDevice = await storage.getDevice(userId, deviceInfo.deviceIdentifier);
+  const sessionStamp = String(existingDevice?.sessionStamp || '').trim() || generateUUID();
+  return { identifier: deviceInfo.deviceIdentifier, sessionStamp };
+}
+
 function shouldUseWebSession(request: Request): boolean {
   return String(request.headers.get('X-NodeWarden-Web-Session') || '').trim() === '1';
 }
@@ -320,10 +331,7 @@ export async function handleToken(request: Request, env: Env): Promise<Response>
     }
 
     // Persist device only after successful password + (optional) 2FA verification.
-    const deviceSession =
-      deviceInfo.deviceIdentifier
-        ? { identifier: deviceInfo.deviceIdentifier, sessionStamp: generateUUID() }
-        : null;
+    const deviceSession = await resolveDeviceSession(storage, user.id, deviceInfo);
     if (deviceSession) {
       await storage.upsertDevice(
         user.id,
@@ -413,10 +421,7 @@ export async function handleToken(request: Request, env: Env): Promise<Response>
     }
 
     // Persist device only after successful client credential verification.
-    const deviceSession =
-      deviceInfo.deviceIdentifier
-        ? { identifier: deviceInfo.deviceIdentifier, sessionStamp: generateUUID() }
-        : null;
+    const deviceSession = await resolveDeviceSession(storage, user.id, deviceInfo);
     if (deviceSession) {
       await storage.upsertDevice(
         user.id,
diff --git a/src/services/auth.ts b/src/services/auth.ts
index 755dd2f..0ad7487 100644
--- a/src/services/auth.ts
+++ b/src/services/auth.ts
@@ -32,6 +32,25 @@ export class AuthService {
     this.storage = new StorageService(env.DB);
   }
 
+  static invalidateUserCache(userId: string): void {
+    const normalizedUserId = String(userId || '').trim();
+    if (!normalizedUserId) return;
+    AuthService.userCache.delete(normalizedUserId);
+    const prefix = `${normalizedUserId}:`;
+    for (const key of AuthService.deviceCache.keys()) {
+      if (key.startsWith(prefix)) {
+        AuthService.deviceCache.delete(key);
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  static invalidateDeviceCache(userId: string, deviceId: string): void {
+    const normalizedUserId = String(userId || '').trim();
+    const normalizedDeviceId = String(deviceId || '').trim();
+    if (!normalizedUserId || !normalizedDeviceId) return;
+    AuthService.deviceCache.delete(`${normalizedUserId}:${normalizedDeviceId}`);
+  }
+
   private readCachedUser(userId: string): User | null | undefined {
     const cached = AuthService.userCache.get(userId);
     if (!cached) return undefined;