feat: enhance rate limiting with new public request budgets and client IP validation

src/config/limits.ts

@@ -38,6 +38,18 @@
     // Public (unauthenticated) request budget per IP per minute.
     // 公开（未认证）接口每 IP 每分钟请求配额。
     publicRequestsPerMinute: 60,
+    // Public read-only request budget per IP per minute.
+    // 公开只读接口每 IP 每分钟请求配额。
+    publicReadRequestsPerMinute: 120,
+    // Sensitive public/auth request budget per IP per minute.
+    // 敏感公开/认证接口每 IP 每分钟请求配额。
+    sensitivePublicRequestsPerMinute: 30,
+    // Register endpoint budget per IP per minute.
+    // 注册接口每 IP 每分钟请求配额。
+    registerRequestsPerMinute: 5,
+    // Refresh-token grant budget per IP per minute.
+    // refresh_token 授权每 IP 每分钟请求配额。
+    refreshTokenRequestsPerMinute: 30,
     // Fixed window size for API rate limiting in seconds.
     // API 限流固定窗口大小（秒）。
     apiWindowSeconds: 60,

src/handlers/accounts.ts

@@ -527,7 +527,11 @@ export async function handleRecoverTwoFactor(request: Request, env: Env): Promis
   const email = String(body.email || body.username || '').trim().toLowerCase();
   const masterPasswordHash = String(body.masterPasswordHash || body.password || '').trim();
   const recoveryCode = normalizeRecoveryCodeInput(String(body.recoveryCode || body.twoFactorToken || body.recovery_code || ''));
-  const recoverLimitKey = `${getClientIdentifier(request)}:recover-2fa:${email || 'unknown'}`;
+  const clientIdentifier = getClientIdentifier(request);
+  if (!clientIdentifier) {
+    return errorResponse('Client IP is required', 403);
+  }
+  const recoverLimitKey = `${clientIdentifier}:recover-2fa:${email || 'unknown'}`;
 
   const recoverAttemptCheck = await rateLimit.checkLoginAttempt(recoverLimitKey);
   if (!recoverAttemptCheck.allowed) {

src/handlers/identity.ts

@@ -107,6 +107,9 @@ export async function handleToken(request: Request, env: Env): Promise<Response>
 
   const grantType = body.grant_type;
   const clientIdentifier = getClientIdentifier(request);
+  if (!clientIdentifier) {
+    return identityErrorResponse('Client IP is required', 'invalid_request', 403);
+  }
 
   if (grantType === 'password') {
     // Login with password
@@ -297,7 +300,14 @@ export async function handleToken(request: Request, env: Env): Promise<Response>
     ).trim() || null;
     const password = String(body.password || '').trim() || null;
 
-    const result = await issueSendAccessToken(env, sendId, passwordHashB64, password);
+    const result = await issueSendAccessToken(
+      env,
+      sendId,
+      passwordHashB64,
+      password,
+      rateLimit,
+      `${clientIdentifier}:send-password`
+    );
     if ('error' in result) {
       return result.error;
     }
@@ -310,6 +320,18 @@ export async function handleToken(request: Request, env: Env): Promise<Response>
       unofficialServer: true,
     });
   } else if (grantType === 'refresh_token') {
+    const refreshLimit = await rateLimit.consumeBudget(
+      `${clientIdentifier}:identity-refresh`,
+      LIMITS.rateLimit.refreshTokenRequestsPerMinute
+    );
+    if (!refreshLimit.allowed) {
+      return identityErrorResponse(
+        `Rate limit exceeded. Try again in ${refreshLimit.retryAfterSeconds} seconds.`,
+        'TooManyRequests',
+        429
+      );
+    }
+
     // Refresh token
     const refreshToken = body.refresh_token;
     if (!refreshToken) {

src/handlers/sends.ts

@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 import { Env, Send, SendAuthType, SendResponse, SendType, DEFAULT_DEV_SECRET } from '../types';
 import { StorageService } from '../services/storage';
+import { RateLimitService, getClientIdentifier } from '../services/ratelimit';
 import { jsonResponse, errorResponse } from '../utils/response';
 import { generateUUID } from '../utils/uuid';
 import { parsePagination, encodeContinuationToken } from '../utils/pagination';
@@ -13,6 +14,7 @@ import {
 
 const SEND_INACCESSIBLE_MSG = 'Send does not exist or is no longer available';
 const SEND_PASSWORD_ITERATIONS = 100_000;
+const SEND_PASSWORD_LIMIT_SCOPE = 'send-password';
 
 function getAliasedProp(source: unknown, aliases: string[]): { present: boolean; value: unknown } {
   if (!source || typeof source !== 'object') return { present: false, value: undefined };
@@ -383,12 +385,44 @@ async function getCreatorIdentifier(storage: StorageService, send: Send): Promis
   return owner?.email ?? null;
 }
 
-async function validatePublicSendAccess(send: Send, body: unknown): Promise<Response | null> {
+type PublicSendAccessValidationResult =
-  if (hasEmailAuth(send)) {
+  | { ok: true }
-    return errorResponse(SEND_INACCESSIBLE_MSG, 404);
+  | { ok: false; response: Response; reason: 'email_auth_unsupported' | 'password_missing' | 'invalid_password' };
+
+function sendPasswordLimitKey(clientIdentifier: string): string {
+  return `${clientIdentifier}:${SEND_PASSWORD_LIMIT_SCOPE}`;
 }
 
-  if (!send.passwordHash) return null;
+function sendPasswordLockMessage(retryAfterSeconds: number): string {
+  return `Too many failed send password attempts. Try again in ${Math.ceil(retryAfterSeconds / 60)} minutes.`;
+}
+
+function sendPasswordLockedErrorResponse(retryAfterSeconds: number): Response {
+  return errorResponse(sendPasswordLockMessage(retryAfterSeconds), 429);
+}
+
+function sendPasswordLockedOAuthResponse(retryAfterSeconds: number): Response {
+  const message = sendPasswordLockMessage(retryAfterSeconds);
+  return jsonResponse(
+    {
+      error: 'invalid_grant',
+      error_description: message,
+      send_access_error_type: 'too_many_password_attempts',
+      ErrorModel: {
+        Message: message,
+        Object: 'error',
+      },
+    },
+    429
+  );
+}
+
+async function validatePublicSendAccess(send: Send, body: unknown): Promise<PublicSendAccessValidationResult> {
+  if (hasEmailAuth(send)) {
+    return { ok: false, response: errorResponse(SEND_INACCESSIBLE_MSG, 404), reason: 'email_auth_unsupported' };
+  }
+
+  if (!send.passwordHash) return { ok: true };
 
   const passwordRaw = getAliasedProp(body, ['password', 'Password']);
   const passwordHashB64Raw = getAliasedProp(body, [
@@ -401,7 +435,7 @@ async function validatePublicSendAccess(send: Send, body: unknown): Promise<Resp
   let validPassword = false;
   if (send.passwordSalt && send.passwordIterations) {
     if (typeof passwordRaw.value !== 'string') {
-      return errorResponse('Password not provided', 401);
+      return { ok: false, response: errorResponse('Password not provided', 401), reason: 'password_missing' };
     }
     validPassword = await verifySendPassword(send, passwordRaw.value);
   } else {
@@ -411,12 +445,14 @@ async function validatePublicSendAccess(send: Send, body: unknown): Promise<Resp
         : typeof passwordRaw.value === 'string'
           ? passwordRaw.value
           : '';
-    if (!candidate) return errorResponse('Password not provided', 401);
+    if (!candidate) return { ok: false, response: errorResponse('Password not provided', 401), reason: 'password_missing' };
     validPassword = verifySendPasswordHashB64(send, candidate);
   }
-  if (!validPassword) return errorResponse('Invalid password', 400);
+  if (!validPassword) {
+    return { ok: false, response: errorResponse('Invalid password', 400), reason: 'invalid_password' };
+  }
 
-  return null;
+  return { ok: true };
 }
 
 // GET /api/sends
@@ -1016,9 +1052,34 @@ export async function handleAccessSend(request: Request, env: Env, accessId: str
     body = {};
   }
 
-  const validationErr = await validatePublicSendAccess(send, body);
+  let sendPasswordLimitIpKey: string | null = null;
-  if (validationErr) {
+  let sendPasswordRateLimit: RateLimitService | null = null;
-    return validationErr;
+  if (send.passwordHash) {
+    const clientIdentifier = getClientIdentifier(request);
+    if (!clientIdentifier) {
+      return errorResponse('Client IP is required', 403);
+    }
+    sendPasswordLimitIpKey = sendPasswordLimitKey(clientIdentifier);
+    sendPasswordRateLimit = new RateLimitService(env.DB);
+    const sendPasswordCheck = await sendPasswordRateLimit.checkLoginAttempt(sendPasswordLimitIpKey);
+    if (!sendPasswordCheck.allowed) {
+      return sendPasswordLockedErrorResponse(sendPasswordCheck.retryAfterSeconds || 60);
+    }
+  }
+
+  const validation = await validatePublicSendAccess(send, body);
+  if (!validation.ok) {
+    if (validation.reason === 'invalid_password' && sendPasswordRateLimit && sendPasswordLimitIpKey) {
+      const failed = await sendPasswordRateLimit.recordFailedLogin(sendPasswordLimitIpKey);
+      if (failed.locked) {
+        return sendPasswordLockedErrorResponse(failed.retryAfterSeconds || 60);
+      }
+    }
+    return validation.response;
+  }
+
+  if (send.passwordHash && sendPasswordRateLimit && sendPasswordLimitIpKey) {
+    await sendPasswordRateLimit.clearLoginAttempts(sendPasswordLimitIpKey);
   }
 
   if (send.type === SendType.Text) {
@@ -1065,9 +1126,34 @@ export async function handleAccessSendFile(
     body = {};
   }
 
-  const validationErr = await validatePublicSendAccess(send, body);
+  let sendPasswordLimitIpKey: string | null = null;
-  if (validationErr) {
+  let sendPasswordRateLimit: RateLimitService | null = null;
-    return validationErr;
+  if (send.passwordHash) {
+    const clientIdentifier = getClientIdentifier(request);
+    if (!clientIdentifier) {
+      return errorResponse('Client IP is required', 403);
+    }
+    sendPasswordLimitIpKey = sendPasswordLimitKey(clientIdentifier);
+    sendPasswordRateLimit = new RateLimitService(env.DB);
+    const sendPasswordCheck = await sendPasswordRateLimit.checkLoginAttempt(sendPasswordLimitIpKey);
+    if (!sendPasswordCheck.allowed) {
+      return sendPasswordLockedErrorResponse(sendPasswordCheck.retryAfterSeconds || 60);
+    }
+  }
+
+  const validation = await validatePublicSendAccess(send, body);
+  if (!validation.ok) {
+    if (validation.reason === 'invalid_password' && sendPasswordRateLimit && sendPasswordLimitIpKey) {
+      const failed = await sendPasswordRateLimit.recordFailedLogin(sendPasswordLimitIpKey);
+      if (failed.locked) {
+        return sendPasswordLockedErrorResponse(failed.retryAfterSeconds || 60);
+      }
+    }
+    return validation.response;
+  }
+
+  if (send.passwordHash && sendPasswordRateLimit && sendPasswordLimitIpKey) {
+    await sendPasswordRateLimit.clearLoginAttempts(sendPasswordLimitIpKey);
   }
 
   const updated = await storage.incrementSendAccessCount(send.id);
@@ -1221,7 +1307,9 @@ export async function issueSendAccessToken(
   env: Env,
   sendIdOrAccessId: string,
   passwordHashB64?: string | null,
-  password?: string | null
+  password?: string | null,
+  rateLimit?: RateLimitService,
+  sendPasswordLimitIpKey?: string
 ): Promise<{ token: string } | { error: Response }> {
   const jwt = getSafeJwtSecret(env);
   if (!jwt.ok) {
@@ -1267,6 +1355,15 @@ export async function issueSendAccessToken(
   }
 
   if (send.passwordHash) {
+    if (rateLimit && sendPasswordLimitIpKey) {
+      const sendPasswordCheck = await rateLimit.checkLoginAttempt(sendPasswordLimitIpKey);
+      if (!sendPasswordCheck.allowed) {
+        return {
+          error: sendPasswordLockedOAuthResponse(sendPasswordCheck.retryAfterSeconds || 60),
+        };
+      }
+    }
+
     let ok = false;
     if (passwordHashB64) {
       ok = verifySendPasswordHashB64(send, passwordHashB64);
@@ -1275,6 +1372,14 @@ export async function issueSendAccessToken(
     }
 
     if (!ok) {
+      if (rateLimit && sendPasswordLimitIpKey) {
+        const failed = await rateLimit.recordFailedLogin(sendPasswordLimitIpKey);
+        if (failed.locked) {
+          return {
+            error: sendPasswordLockedOAuthResponse(failed.retryAfterSeconds || 60),
+          };
+        }
+      }
       return {
         error: jsonResponse(
           {
@@ -1290,6 +1395,10 @@ export async function issueSendAccessToken(
         ),
       };
     }
+
+    if (rateLimit && sendPasswordLimitIpKey) {
+      await rateLimit.clearLoginAttempts(sendPasswordLimitIpKey);
+    }
   }
 
   const token = await createSendAccessToken(send.id, jwt.secret);

src/router.ts

@@ -215,9 +215,23 @@ export async function handleRequest(request: Request, env: Env): Promise<Respons
   const method = request.method;
   const clientId = getClientIdentifier(request);
 
-  async function enforcePublicRateLimit(): Promise<Response | null> {
+  async function enforcePublicRateLimit(
+    category: string = 'public',
+    maxRequests: number = LIMITS.rateLimit.publicRequestsPerMinute
+  ): Promise<Response | null> {
+    if (!clientId) {
+      return new Response(JSON.stringify({
+        error: 'Forbidden',
+        error_description: 'Client IP is required',
+      }), {
+        status: 403,
+        headers: {
+          'Content-Type': 'application/json',
+        },
+      });
+    }
     const rateLimit = new RateLimitService(env.DB);
-    const check = await rateLimit.consumeBudget(`${clientId}:public`, LIMITS.rateLimit.publicRequestsPerMinute);
+    const check = await rateLimit.consumeBudget(`${clientId}:${category}`, maxRequests);
     if (check.allowed) return null;
     return new Response(JSON.stringify({
       error: 'Too many requests',
@@ -254,11 +268,15 @@ export async function handleRequest(request: Request, env: Env): Promise<Respons
 
     // Setup status
     if (path === '/setup/status' && method === 'GET') {
+      const blocked = await enforcePublicRateLimit('public-read', LIMITS.rateLimit.publicReadRequestsPerMinute);
+      if (blocked) return blocked;
       return handleSetupStatus(request, env);
     }
 
     // Web runtime config for static client bootstrap
     if (path === '/api/web/config' && method === 'GET') {
+      const blocked = await enforcePublicRateLimit('public-read', LIMITS.rateLimit.publicReadRequestsPerMinute);
+      if (blocked) return blocked;
       const jwtUnsafeReason = jwtSecretUnsafeReason(env);
       return jsonResponse({
         defaultKdfIterations: LIMITS.auth.defaultKdfIterations,
@@ -338,30 +356,27 @@ export async function handleRequest(request: Request, env: Env): Promise<Respons
       return handleDownloadSendFile(request, env, sendId, fileId);
     }
 
-    // Notifications hub (stub - no auth required, return 200 for connection)
+    // Identity endpoints (no auth required)
-    if (path.startsWith('/notifications/')) {
+    if (path === '/identity/connect/token' && method === 'POST') {
-      const blocked = await enforcePublicRateLimit();
+      return handleToken(request, env);
-      if (blocked) return blocked;
-      return new Response(null, { status: 200 });
     }
 
-    // Known device check (no auth required)
+    // Known device check (no auth required).
     if (path === '/api/devices/knowndevice' && method === 'GET') {
       const blocked = await enforcePublicRateLimit();
       if (blocked) return jsonResponse(false);
       return handleKnownDevice(request, env);
     }
 
-    // Identity endpoints (no auth required)
-    if (path === '/identity/connect/token' && method === 'POST') {
-      return handleToken(request, env);
-    }
-
     if ((path === '/identity/connect/revocation' || path === '/identity/connect/revoke') && method === 'POST') {
+      const blocked = await enforcePublicRateLimit('public-sensitive', LIMITS.rateLimit.sensitivePublicRequestsPerMinute);
+      if (blocked) return blocked;
       return handleRevocation(request, env);
     }
 
     if (path === '/identity/accounts/prelogin' && method === 'POST') {
+      const blocked = await enforcePublicRateLimit('public-sensitive', LIMITS.rateLimit.sensitivePublicRequestsPerMinute);
+      if (blocked) return blocked;
       return handlePrelogin(request, env);
     }
 
@@ -374,6 +389,8 @@ export async function handleRequest(request: Request, env: Env): Promise<Respons
     // They also tolerate different casing, but their response models use PascalCase.
     const isConfigRequest = (path === '/config' || path === '/api/config') && method === 'GET';
     if (isConfigRequest) {
+      const blocked = await enforcePublicRateLimit('public-read', LIMITS.rateLimit.publicReadRequestsPerMinute);
+      if (blocked) return blocked;
       const origin = url.origin;
       return jsonResponse({
         // ── Version Strategy (Plan E) ──────────────────────────────────────
@@ -414,6 +431,8 @@ export async function handleRequest(request: Request, env: Env): Promise<Respons
 
     // Version endpoint (some clients probe this to validate the server)
     if (path === '/api/version' && method === 'GET') {
+      const blocked = await enforcePublicRateLimit('public-read', LIMITS.rateLimit.publicReadRequestsPerMinute);
+      if (blocked) return blocked;
       return jsonResponse(LIMITS.compatibility.bitwardenServerVersion);  // Always same value as /config.version
     }
 
@@ -421,6 +440,8 @@ export async function handleRequest(request: Request, env: Env): Promise<Respons
     // - first user can self-register and becomes admin
     // - later registrations require inviteCode in request body
     if (path === '/api/accounts/register' && method === 'POST') {
+      const blocked = await enforcePublicRateLimit('register', LIMITS.rateLimit.registerRequestsPerMinute);
+      if (blocked) return blocked;
       if (!isSameOriginWriteRequest(request)) {
         return errorResponse('Forbidden origin', 403);
       }
@@ -525,6 +546,11 @@ export async function handleRequest(request: Request, env: Env): Promise<Respons
       return handleSync(request, env, userId);
     }
 
+    // Notifications hub (stub): now requires authentication.
+    if (path.startsWith('/notifications/')) {
+      return new Response(null, { status: 200 });
+    }
+
     // Cipher endpoints
     if (path === '/api/ciphers' || path === '/api/ciphers/create') {
       if (method === 'GET') return handleGetCiphers(request, env, userId);

src/services/ratelimit.ts

@@ -186,12 +186,148 @@ export class RateLimitService {
   }
 }
 
-export function getClientIdentifier(request: Request): string {
+function parseIpv4Octets(input: string): number[] | null {
+  const parts = input.split('.');
+  if (parts.length !== 4) return null;
+
+  const octets: number[] = [];
+  for (const part of parts) {
+    if (!/^\d{1,3}$/.test(part)) return null;
+    const value = Number(part);
+    if (!Number.isInteger(value) || value < 0 || value > 255) return null;
+    octets.push(value);
+  }
+  return octets;
+}
+
+function parseIpv6Hextets(input: string): number[] | null {
+  let value = input.trim().toLowerCase();
+  if (!value) return null;
+
+  if (value.startsWith('[') && value.endsWith(']')) {
+    value = value.slice(1, -1);
+  }
+  const zoneIndex = value.indexOf('%');
+  if (zoneIndex >= 0) {
+    value = value.slice(0, zoneIndex);
+  }
+  if (!value.includes(':')) return null;
+
+  // Handle IPv4-mapped tail (e.g. ::ffff:192.0.2.1).
+  if (value.includes('.')) {
+    const lastColon = value.lastIndexOf(':');
+    if (lastColon < 0) return null;
+    const ipv4Tail = value.slice(lastColon + 1);
+    const octets = parseIpv4Octets(ipv4Tail);
+    if (!octets) return null;
+    const high = ((octets[0] << 8) | octets[1]).toString(16);
+    const low = ((octets[2] << 8) | octets[3]).toString(16);
+    value = `${value.slice(0, lastColon)}:${high}:${low}`;
+  }
+
+  const doubleColon = value.indexOf('::');
+  if (doubleColon !== value.lastIndexOf('::')) return null;
+
+  const parsePart = (part: string): number | null => {
+    if (!/^[0-9a-f]{1,4}$/.test(part)) return null;
+    const n = parseInt(part, 16);
+    return Number.isNaN(n) ? null : n;
+  };
+
+  const parseParts = (parts: string[]): number[] | null => {
+    const out: number[] = [];
+    for (const p of parts) {
+      if (!p) return null;
+      const n = parsePart(p);
+      if (n === null) return null;
+      out.push(n);
+    }
+    return out;
+  };
+
+  if (doubleColon >= 0) {
+    const [headRaw, tailRaw] = value.split('::');
+    const head = headRaw ? headRaw.split(':') : [];
+    const tail = tailRaw ? tailRaw.split(':') : [];
+
+    const headNums = parseParts(head);
+    const tailNums = parseParts(tail);
+    if (!headNums || !tailNums) return null;
+
+    const missing = 8 - (headNums.length + tailNums.length);
+    if (missing < 1) return null;
+
+    return [...headNums, ...new Array<number>(missing).fill(0), ...tailNums];
+  }
+
+  const all = parseParts(value.split(':'));
+  if (!all || all.length !== 8) return null;
+  return all;
+}
+
+function normalizeClientIpForRateLimit(rawIp: string): string | null {
+  const input = rawIp.trim();
+  if (!input) return null;
+
+  const ipv4 = parseIpv4Octets(input);
+  if (ipv4) {
+    return `ip4:${ipv4.join('.')}`;
+  }
+
+  const ipv6 = parseIpv6Hextets(input);
+  if (!ipv6) return null;
+
+  // Handle IPv4-mapped / IPv4-compatible IPv6 as IPv4 identity.
+  // Examples: ::ffff:192.0.2.1, ::192.0.2.1
+  if (
+    ipv6[0] === 0 &&
+    ipv6[1] === 0 &&
+    ipv6[2] === 0 &&
+    ipv6[3] === 0 &&
+    ipv6[4] === 0 &&
+    (ipv6[5] === 0xffff || ipv6[5] === 0)
+  ) {
+    const octets = [ipv6[6] >> 8, ipv6[6] & 0xff, ipv6[7] >> 8, ipv6[7] & 0xff];
+    return `ip4:${octets.join('.')}`;
+  }
+
+  // Collapse to /64 to reduce brute-force bypass via IPv6 address rotation.
+  const prefix64 = ipv6
+    .slice(0, 4)
+    .map(part => part.toString(16).padStart(4, '0'))
+    .join(':');
+  return `ip6:${prefix64}`;
+}
+
+export function getClientIdentifier(request: Request): string | null {
   const cfIp = request.headers.get('CF-Connecting-IP');
-  if (cfIp) return cfIp;
+  if (cfIp) {
+    return normalizeClientIpForRateLimit(cfIp);
+  }
+
+  // Local development fallback:
+  // wrangler dev may not provide CF-Connecting-IP. Allow localhost requests
+  // to resolve an identifier from X-Forwarded-For or loopback.
+  try {
+    const hostname = new URL(request.url).hostname.toLowerCase();
+    const isLocalHost =
+      hostname === 'localhost' ||
+      hostname === '127.0.0.1' ||
+      hostname === '::1' ||
+      hostname === '[::1]';
+    if (!isLocalHost) {
+      return null;
+    }
 
     const forwardedFor = request.headers.get('X-Forwarded-For');
-  if (forwardedFor) return forwardedFor.split(',')[0].trim();
+    if (forwardedFor) {
-
+      const first = forwardedFor.split(',')[0].trim();
-  return 'unknown';
+      const normalized = normalizeClientIpForRateLimit(first);
+      if (normalized) return normalized;
+    }
+
+    return 'ip4:127.0.0.1';
+  } catch {
+    return null;
+  }
 }